Why Prince Philip was more than a 'strength and stay' for the Queen
Duke of Edinburgh was longest-serving consort in British history
At Queen Elizabeth's coronation in 1953, Prince Philip swore allegiance to her, vowing that he would be his wife's "liege man of life and limb."
So when he wasn't by her side 59 years later, during another solemn service to recognize a significant milestone in her reign, it was a moment that told a story of its own.
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Elizabeth — who called Philip her "strength and stay" — walked stoically and alone to her seat in St. Paul's Cathedral in London for a service to mark her six decades on the throne.
Philip died on April 9, 2021, at age 99.
With Philip's retirement from public duties in 2017, such a sight of the Queen without her husband at her side in public had become the norm, but on that day in 2012, it was a rarity, and held particular poignancy.
Philip, famously outspoken, would undoubtedly have had a few choice words for his circumstances at the time — a hospital stay to fight a bladder infection — but his absence from Diamond Jubilee celebrations served to emphasize how much he meant to his wife, and the monarchy, since their marriage in 1947.
Carolyn Harris, a Toronto-based royal historian and author, said at the time that seeing the solitary figure of the Queen brought to mind "the degree to which the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh have been seen as a unit throughout the reign."
WATCH | Prince Philip married the Queen in 1947:
Elizabeth has the public image of a married woman, Harris said, unlike the last queen to mark a Diamond Jubilee.
"The iconic image we have of Queen Victoria today is in black and her perpetual mourning for Prince Albert, whereas the current Queen is very much seen as part of marriage and as part of a team with the Duke of Edinburgh, so it's very different … to see her by herself at these events."
Philip and Elizabeth had a "long and successful marriage," Harris said, noting they came to complement each other quite well.
That evolution had a rocky start.
Elizabeth's desire to marry a man she first set her eyes on at age 13 was not warmly welcomed by her parents, or the courtiers at Buckingham Palace.
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were concerned that their daughter "was very young, at 21, to make this decision, and also that she was essentially marrying the first man that she met," said Harris.
In the palace halls, there was much mumbling that it would be better for Elizabeth to settle on an English gentleman, rather than a foreign prince. Philip was born in Corfu in 1921 as a prince of Greece and Denmark.
In Elizabeth's steadfast plan to marry Philip, Harris saw a reflection of her "strength of character."
"This was who she loved and was determined to marry."
The significance of that determination has been noted by observers.
WATCH | Mourners in London pay tribute to Philip:
'Wisdom of the Queen's choice'
"You only had to watch the Duke of Edinburgh during [the] Diamond Jubilee river pageant to see the wisdom of the Queen's choice," author Philip Eade wrote in the Daily Telegraph in 2012.
"A week short of his 91st birthday, the longest-serving consort in British history stood for more than three hours in the cold, waving and smiling, supporting his wife of 64 years — just as he had sworn he would at her coronation."
For Harris, the success of the marriage is particularly interesting in light of the contrast in their backgrounds.
Elizabeth came from a stable nuclear family (mom, dad and two kids), while Philip was from a family that broke down when he was quite young. His mother was ill periodically and in a sanitarium, and his father moved to Monte Carlo with his mistress.
"In marrying the Queen, [Philip] gained that sort of stable home life that he didn't have when he was younger, whereas to her he might have seemed like a breath of fresh air in the very traditional royal court she was part of," said Harris. "He was well-travelled and had served in the Second World War."
His naval career came to an end in 1952, when at the age of 29 he gave it up "so that he could support [Elizabeth] in her activities as Queen," said Harris.
It was a role that had little precedent.
"If I asked somebody, 'What do you expect me to do?' they all looked blank. They had no idea, nobody had much idea," Philip told the BBC.
While his support for his wife became a hallmark of his character, Philip also became known for a brash outspokenness that could grab larger headlines than his charitable works or his efforts to drive reform of the royal household itself. One of his more infamous utterances came while on a visit to China in 1986, when he told British students: "If you stay here much longer, you'll all be slitty-eyed."
WATCH | Prime Minister Justin Trudeau shares memories of Philip:
Controversy in Canada
Sometimes, his outspokenness drew headlines in Canada. Harris pointed to a speech he gave to the Canadian Medical Association during a 1959 royal visit.
"The theme was that Canadians were out of shape and needed more physical exercise and he had statistics for how many Canadian men would fail an army medical," said Harris.
"It's a very mainstream topic to discuss now but in 1959 that was seen as a very controversial thing to discuss while touring Canada."
But observers say there is a lot more to the man than a penchant for off-colour remarks.
"He's a far more intelligent and far-thinking person than the caricature of the gaffe-prone curmudgeon that has become kind of the default perception thanks to a lot of the tabloids," Sally Bedell Smith, author of Elizabeth the Queen: The Life of a Modern Monarch, said in 2012.
"People at Buckingham Palace gave me a couple of books of speeches that he wrote back in the late '40s and early '50s … and I was really astonished at the range of his interests, that he was very involved in conservation, in science and technology and the importance of improving education in those areas, in the role of fitness in overall health, in things like an awareness of saving the rainforest decades before it was on everybody's radar," Smith said.
Her list of Philip's eclectic interests goes on: an early adopter of computers and email, oil painting, designing jewelry, ornithology.
"He's had all these interests on his own," Smith said, "but he's also performed impeccably as her consort and he said … on the occasion of one of their big anniversaries ... that supporting the Queen was the most important thing he ever did in his life."
WATCH | Dominic LeBlanc, president of Queen's Privy Council for Canada, reflects on Philip:
'Leadership role'
Harris said Philip has also "tended to really exercise a leadership role" in reforms of the royal household.
For the immediate Royal Family, Philip had something of a reputation as a disciplinarian, offering firm guidance and strong leadership on the home front, making the decisions in areas such as education for children Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward.
While Philip had retired from public duties in 2017, there was the sense he wasn't completely removed from family affairs.
Some headlines suggested in 2019 that he'd given his son Andrew a stern talking-to following his roundly criticized BBC interview regarding his friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.
"Prince Philip told Prince Andrew to 'take his punishment' after summoning son to Sandringham," read one headline in The Telegraph.
Elizabeth publicly acknowledged his importance to her during a speech on the occasion of their 50th wedding anniversary in 1997.
"He is someone who doesn't take easily to compliments but he has, quite simply, been my strength and stay all these years, and I, and his whole family, and this and many other countries, owe him a debt greater than he would ever claim, or we shall ever know," she said.
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