Youth, conservatism not only factors in Trump's pick for Supreme Court

They're all younger than 55 and conservative enough to make a first cut. But the four judges who are among the leading contenders for U.S. President Donald Trump's second Supreme Court nomination are being measured against a set of questions that go well beyond age and ideology.

Presidents weigh all sorts of considerations in deciding on a Supreme Court nominee, often beginning with the big question: Will the choice be confirmed by the Senate? Academic credentials, professional experience and sometimes even gender, race and geographical diversity all can be part of the equation.

The stakes are sky high for filling the opening created by Justice Anthony Kennedy's imminent retirement. The new justice has the potential to entrench conservative control of the Supreme Court for years to come.

Starting from a list of 25 names vetted by conservative groups, Trump has also given serious consideration to federal appeals court judges Amul Thapar and Joan Larsen, and it's possible the White House is still considering them and others both on and off the list — though Trump himself recently said he's got his list down to "three or two." The president enjoyed the suspenseful process leading up to his announcement last year that he was nominating Neil Gorsuch for the high court and is hoping to keep the guessing game going until he announces his pick Monday in prime time.

But for now, here are some of the pluses and minuses for each of the presumed leading candidates, in alphabetical order:

AMY CONEY BARRETT, 46, judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit

If Trump is looking to make history, Barrett could have some appeal. If she's chosen and confirmed, it would be the first time four women would serve together on the nine-member Supreme Court. In addition, she is the youngest of the leading candidates, and Trump has said he wants his nominee to serve for decades.

Barrett, a longtime law professor at the University of Notre Dame, also served as a law clerk to the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who is beloved by conservatives. And she recently made it through the confirmation process, with the Senate approving her nomination to be an appeals court judge in October. Three Democrats voted for her then.

But Barrett's recent ascension to the appeals court means she does not have the long, conservative record that lawmakers on the right find reassuring. Barrett is also seen as a potentially divisive nominee because of statements she's made about her Catholic faith and about abortion.

In her 20s she co-authored a paper that said Catholic judges, if they are faithful to church teachings, are "morally precluded" from enforcing the death penalty. At her recent confirmation hearing, however, she said it was never permissible for judges to "follow their personal convictions in deciding a case."

More recently, she's written that abiding by precedent is "not a hard-and-fast rule" in the Supreme Court's constitutional cases. Although the statement is undoubtedly accurate, it is likely to be seized on by supporters of abortion rights as they try to convince moderate Republican senators that Barrett might vote to overturn the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision declaring a woman's constitutional right to abortion.

THOMAS HARDIMAN, 52, judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit

Hardiman was a runner-up when Trump nominated Neil Gorsuch to the high court in 2017. He might appeal to Trump if the president is looking for someone from a blue-collar background. Hardiman was the first in his family to attend college, at the University of Notre Dame, then helped pay for his law school education at Georgetown by driving a taxi.

Hardiman has some notable opinions in his 11 years on the appeals court that could appeal to Trump, including upholding strip searches of jail inmates, even those arrested on minor charges, backing collection of genetic evidence from people at the time of their arrest, and dissenting from a ruling that upheld gun regulations in New Jersey.

Hardiman's judicial chambers are in Pittsburgh, where his wife comes from a family of prominent Democrats. He also was a colleague of Trump's sister, Judge Maryanne Trump Barry, who stopped hearing cases last year. Some conservative groups don't trust Barry because she wrote an opinion striking down a New Jersey abortion regulation in 2000, and they hope she has no influence over her brother's choice.

BRETT KAVANAUGH, 53, judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

Roughly 300 opinions in 12 years as a judge and a raft of legal articles and speaking engagements make Kavanaugh the most prolific of the prospective nominees. He is widely viewed as a skilled, conservative judge on what is often called the second most powerful court in America. His opinions include several dissents that were later vindicated by Supreme Court majority opinions.

Kavanaugh, who worked on the investigation that led to President Bill Clinton's impeachment, later wrote that he thinks presidents shouldn't have to deal with criminal investigations or civil lawsuits while in office — a view that Trump might find attractive. He attended Yale both as an undergraduate and law student, and served as a law clerk to Kennedy. He is active in his local Catholic church and as a coach for his daughters' basketball teams.

Some social conservatives fear Kavanaugh isn't committed to issues that matter to them, like abortion. They cite a recent case involving a pregnant teenaged immigrant in federal custody. Kavanaugh would have delayed the teen's abortion, in line with the Trump administration's position, but another judge would have gone farther and declared that, as someone who is in the U.S. illegally, the teen had no right at all to an abortion.

Kavanaugh's close ties to the Bush family, stemming from his five years in the White House under President George W. Bush, might not be a positive to Trump, who has sparred with the Bushes. Kavanaugh also was a clerk for Judge Alex Kozinski, who retired abruptly last year as allegations of sexual misconduct grew.

RAYMOND KETHLEDGE, 51, judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit

Kethledge's 10 years as a federal appeals court judge give him a long record of conservative opinions that may make Trump and Republican senators feel secure about the kind of Supreme Court justice he'd be. He's written opinions siding against unions in a dues collection case, admonishing the IRS in a case about its targeting of conservative groups and okaying broad access by the government to cellphone location data, an opinion overturned last month by the Supreme Court. He's also seen as a strong supporter of the Second Amendment.

Like Kavanaugh, Kethledge is a former Kennedy clerk and would no doubt cite that experience in attempting to appeal to moderates. Kethledge also has first-hand experience with Congress. For about a year and a half in the 1990s, Kethledge was counsel to Republican Sen. Spencer Abraham of Michigan. If Kethledge is the nominee, that experience working for Congress could help in the customary courtesy visits to senators before a confirmation hearing.

At the same time, Kethledge left Washington to return to Michigan two decades ago. He probably has fewer friends in the nation's capital than Kavanaugh, but Trump may put value on the fact he's an outsider and less well known in Washington. In addition, Trump is thought to be looking for a nominee with superior academic credentials. That could be a problem for Kethledge if what Trump really meant was that he wants an Ivy Leaguer, like the rest of the high court. Kethledge attended the University of Michigan for both undergraduate and law school.